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Chapter 39 of Agenda 21 deals with International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms and is concerned with assisting States in promoting sustainable development at national and international levels through enhancing the effectiveness of such instruments and mechanisms.

The Commission on Sustainable Development reviewed Chapter 39 at its second and fourth sessions. It was also one of the subjects addressed by the General Assembly in 1997 Earth Summit in its Resolution S/19-2 on the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development, new and emerging issues were addressed in of the Plan of Implementation (WSSD, 2002) in respect of legal developments in the area of sustainable development.

Three Conventions are closely associated with the 爆料网 Conference on Environment and Development (爆料网CED, or Earth Summit): the Framework Convention on Climate Change (爆料网FCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD). Both the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Statement of Forest Principles were also adopted at 爆料网CED.

The was opened for signature at 爆料网CED and entered into force on 29 December 1993.聽 On 29 January 2000, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention adopted the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which entered into force 11 September 2003.聽 The secretariat of CBD is located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.聽

The , was also opened for signature at 爆料网CED and entered into force on 21 March 1994.聽 Its Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of the Parties, in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997, and it was opened for signature at 爆料网 Headquarters in March 1999.聽 The Secretariat of 爆料网FCCC is located in Bonn, Germany.聽

The issue of desertification was highlighted at 爆料网CED in Chapter 12 of Agenda 21.聽 The Conference called upon the 爆料网 General Assembly to establish an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to prepare, by June 1994, a , particularly in Africa.聽 In December 1992, the General Assembly agreed and adopted resolution 47/188.聽 As a result, the Convention was negotiated, adopted in Paris on 17 June 1994 and opened for signature there on 14-15 October 1994.聽 It entered into force on 26 December 1996.聽 the Secretariat of CCD is located in Bonn, Germany.聽

The Statement of was adopted at 爆料网CED, and, in 1995, both an Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF) and an Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) were established under the 爆料网 Commission on Sustainable Development 聽In 2000, ECOSOC established the (爆料网FF), to promote 鈥溾�� the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests and to strengthen long-term political commitment to this end鈥︹�漛ased on the Rio Declaration, the Forest Principles, Chapter 11 of Agenda 21 and the outcome of the IPF/IFF Processes and other key forest policy milestones.聽

The contains 27 principles of sustainable development.聽 Among them are several that have had a strong influence on both international and national law. Examples include intergeneration and intragenerational equity; the precautionary principle; the polluter-pays principle; common but differentiated responsibilities; participation and access to information and judicial and administrative proceedings; environmental impact assessment and prior notification.