Directory of 爆料网 Resources on Gender and Women's Issues
Thematic Issues and Critical Areas of Concern > Critical Areas of Concern >
Women and the Economy
There are considerable differences in women's and men's access to and opportunities to exert power over economic structures in their societies. In most parts of the world, women are virtually absent from or are poorly represented in economic decision-making, including the formulation of financial, monetary, commercial and other economic policies, as well s tax systems and rules governing pay.
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Gender equality is central to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations' (FAO's) mandate to achieve food security for all by raising levels of nutrition, improving agricultural productivity and natural resource management, and improving the lives of rural populations. FAO can achieve its goals only if it simultaneously works towards gender equality and supports women's diverse roles in agriculture and rural development. Gender equality is not only an essential means by which FAO can achieve its mandate, it is also a basic human right.
L'間alit� des sexes est au coeur du mandat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), qui consiste � assurer la s閏urit� alimentaire de tous les 阾res humains en am閘iorant les niveaux de nutrition, la productivit� agricole et la gestion des ressources naturelles, ainsi que la vie des populations rurales. La FAO ne peut atteindre ces objectifs qu'en menant simultan閙ent une action en faveur de l'間alit� hommes-femmes et � l'appui des r鬺es divers que jouent les femmes dans l'agriculture et le d関eloppement rural. L'間alit� des sexes n'est pas qu'un moyen essentiel � l'accomplissement de la mission de la FAO; c'est aussi et avant tout un droit fondamental de la personne humaine.)
FAO. 2014.
[ www.ilo.org ]
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An estimated 10.5 million children worldwide � most of them under age � are working as domestic workers in people's homes, in hazardous and sometimes slavery-like conditions, says the ILO. Six and a half million of these child labourers are aged between five and 14 years-old. More than 71 per cent are girls. According to the latest figures in a new ILO report, Ending Child labour in domestic work, they work in the homes of a third party or employer, carrying out tasks such as cleaning, ironing, cooking, gardening, collecting water, looking after other children and caring for the elderly. Within the framework of the two ILO fundamental conventions on child labour and the recently adopted instruments on decent work for domestic workers, this new report sets the scene for a better understanding of child labour in domestic work.�
ILO. 2013.
[ www.fao.org ]
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The Dimitra newsletter outlines the Dimitra project's most recent activities and achievements, especially the development and growing impact of the listeners' clubs. The newsletter is produced bi-annually and is disseminated worldwide in English and French. FAO.
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This paper highlights some of the key gender inequalities in fisheries and aquaculture value chains that lead to marked underperformance by women, and proposes some good practice policies that can lead to sustainable increases in production, processing and marketing of high-quality fish; increases in women's incomes and those of their families; and a reduction in household food insecurity and malnutrition among the poor. FAO. 2013.
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Sistematizaci髇 que busca mostrar una experiencia de empoderamiento econ髆ico y personal de un grupo de mujeres y hombres en la Honduras periurbana. FAO. 2013.
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This report examines how agricultural investments in Ghana affect economic opportunities for women, as compared to men. It draws on a case study of the Integrated Tamale Food Company and provides recommendations for investors and policy makers. 60 pp. FAO. 2013.
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This study assesses the ways agricultural investments affect women and men in Zambia through two case studies, the Kaleya Smallholder Company Ltd and ETC Bio-Energy Ltd, to then provide recommendations for investors and policy makers. 62 pp. FAO. 2013.
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This report examines how agricultural investments in Lao People's Democratic Republic affect rural employment opportunities for women and men as well as their access to land. It also provides policy recommendations on key issues. 74 pp. FAO. 2013.
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This Executive Summary presents the main aims, findings and policy recommendations arising from a study on land-related agricultural investments in Lao People's Democratic Republic. 14 pp. FAO. 2013.
[ www.worldbank.org ]
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In this study on gender equality, researchers asked 4,000 people in 20 countries to describe the gender norms in their communities and the influence those norms have on their lives and their every-day decisions. The researchers spoke with men and women, youth and adults, living in villages and cities in developing countries, as well as higher income countries. The World Bank. 2013.
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This technical guide aims to assist in the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security, by providing guidance that supports the Guidelines' principle of gender equality in tenure governance.
The guide focuses on equity and on how land tenure can be governed in ways that address the different needs and priorities of women and men. It moves away from long-standing debates about gender equality in access to land, towards the mainstreaming of gender issues to achieve more gender-equitable participation in the processes and institutions that underlie all decision-making about land. FAO. 2013.
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Corruption is global phenomenon and a major obstacle to development and economic growth in the global South. Although it affects all social classes and groups, women (and poor women in particular) are among the most affected. In order to better understand corruption from the perspective of women at the grassroots level, the Huairou Commission undertook a study of 11 communities across eight countries in partnership with 爆料网DP's Global Thematic Programme on Anti-Corruption for Development Effectiveness (PACDE). 爆料网DP, 2012
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En este tercer informe del Observatorio de Igualdad de G閚ero de Am閞ica Latina y el Caribe (OIG) se presenta una reflexi髇 sobre los programas de transferencias condicionadas (PTC), en el marco de los sistemas de protecci髇 social y su capacidad de incluir a las mujeres como sujetos de derecho. Finalmente y como resultado del esfuerzo colectivo de los mecanismos para el adelanto de la mujer, se presenta un anexo estad韘tico que contiene informaci髇 oficial, peri骴ica y oportuna, que permite mejorar el an醠isis de las pol韙icas p鷅licas. Asimismo, se centra la mirada en el an醠isis de los indicadores de autonom韆 f韘ica, econ髆ica y en la toma de decisiones, cuyo tel 髇 de fondo es la agenda regional generada por los consensos ratificados en la XI Conferencia Regional sobre la Mujer de Am閞ica Latina y el Caribe, concordantes con la Plataforma de Acci髇 de la Cuarta Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer (Beijing, 1995). Tambi閚. CEPAL. 2012.
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The World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development argues that closing these gaps is a core development objective in its own right. It is also smart economics. Greater gender equality can enhance productivity, improve development outcomes for the next generation, and make institutions more representative. The authors use a conceptual framework to examine progress to date, and then recommend policy actions. The World Bank. 2012.
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This study is part of 爆料网CTAD's activities on trade, gender and development carried out by the Organization in accordance with its mandate. The Doha Mandate, resulting from the Thirteenth Ministerial Meeting of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (爆料网CTAD XIII) held in Doha, Qatar on 21�26 April 2012, provides 爆料网CTAD with a specific mandate on gender-related issues. 爆料网CTAD aims to contribute to the analysis of the linkages between trade policy and gender equality, and to the related international debate, by looking at specific燾ountry experiences. This study is one in a series of case studies that are being conducted by 爆料网CTAD in six developing and least developed燾ountries, namely Bhutan, Cape Verde, Lesotho, Angola, Uruguay and Rwanda. Publication date: August 2012.
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This study is part of 爆料网CTAD's activities on trade, gender and development carried out by the organization in accordance with its mandate. The Accra Accord resulting from the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (爆料网CTAD XII, Accra, Ghana, 20�25 April 2008) requested 爆料网CTAD to strengthen its work on the linkages between trade and internationally agreed development goals and objectives, including gender equality (para. 96(d)), and to make efforts to mainstream cross-cutting issues of gender equality and the empowerment of women in all its work (para. 173). 爆料网CTAD aims to contribute to the analysis of the linkages between trade policy and gender equality, and to the related international debate, by looking at specific country experiences. This study is one in a series of case studies that are being conducted by 爆料网CTAD in six developing countries, namely Angola, Bhutan, Cape Verde, Lesotho, Rwanda and Uruguay Publication date: December 2011.
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Promoting decent employment is essential to achieving food security and reducing poverty. This Case for Action argues that improving policy coherence between employment and agricultural initiatives and investing more in the promotion of decent rural employment contribute highly to the interlinked challenges of fighting rural poverty and feeding a growing world population in a sustainable way.
The 2012 World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development argues that gender equality is a core development objective in its own right. It is also smart economics. Greater gender equality can enhance productivity, improve development outcomes for the next generation, and make institutions more representative.
The Report also focuses on four priority areas for policy going forward: (i) reducing excess female mortality and closing education gaps where they remain, (ii) improving access to economic opportunities for women (iii) increasing women's voice and agency in the household and in society and (iv) limiting the reproduction of gender inequality across generations.
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Policies to expand trade and to promote Bhutan磗 unique overall goal of maximizing "gross national happiness" should be linked to strategies for educating women and enhancing their positions in society and in the economy, a new 爆料网CTAD study says. The study is one of a series being carried out by the Organization to analyse the gender effects of trade in developing countries, in particular least developed countries (LDCs). Other 爆料网CTAD studies are focusing on situations in LDCs Lesotho, Rwanda and Angola; in Cape Verde, a country that recently graduated from LDC status; and in Uruguay, a developing country that is not an LDC.
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The countries of the Southern Cone have distinct economic realities. However, when the issue is women and labor markets, they have something in common. Women have less secure jobs, receive lower wages, and generally work in the informal sector. Not only is their work undervalued, they face a double workload as they seek to conciliate their working lives with their roles as homemakers and caregivers. In this five-part series, TV Brasil International evaluates the economic realities women live in and the challenges they face in the Southern Cone region, particularly in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile. (Producers: TV Brasil International, 爆料网 Women; Date of Release: March 2011; Language: Portuguese. Available in English and Spanish subtitles)
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The World Survey on the Role of Women in Development is the flagship publication of the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women. It is presented to the Second Committee of the General Assembly at five-yearly intervals. The 1999 World Survey focused on globalization, gender and work and the 2004 World Survey addressed women and international migration. The General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to update the World Survey on the Role of Women in Development for the consideration of the General Assembly at its sixty-fourth session; noting that the survey should continue to focus on selective emerging development themes that have an impact on the role of women in the economy at the national, regional and international levels. The theme for the World Survey in 2009 is 揥omen抯 control over economic resources and access to financial resources, including microfinance�.
Excerpt from the Press Conference on the Launch of the 2009 World Survey, 26 October 2009, 爆料网 Headquarters:
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A WomenWatch special feature on the the gender perspectives of the financial crisis. April 2009.
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World Bank Internal Policy Brief, March 2009
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The emerging issue on 揟he gender perspectives of the financial crisis� was considered at an
interactive expert panel at the Fifty-Third Session of the Commission on the Status of Women
(CSW) in March 2009.
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World Bank Estimates Increase in Infant Mortality, Less Girl Education and Reduced Earnings.
World Bank press release, 6 March 2009.
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The 爆料网ESCO Future Forum was held on 2 March 2009 at 爆料网ESCO Headquarters to reflect on the
ramifications of the present financial and economic crisis and their implications for
international cooperation in general and in particular for 爆料网ESCO抯 domains, namely
education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. 爆料网ESCO, 2009
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The meeting addressed three main issues: the relation between trade and gender; the impact of trade policy on gender through labour markets, SMEs, agriculture and migration; and how to advance mainstreaming gender in trade policy from theory to practice. The report of the meeting, as wells as papers and presentations are available online. 爆料网CTAD, 2009
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The aim is to bring together relevant data on trade issues and their gender-differentiated impact on women.
[ topics.developmentgateway.org ]
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The Development Gateway's Gender and Development topic area is envisioned as a common platform for gender and development related resources, information, and dialogue.
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This section covers activities to promote women's economic security and rights and contribute to the eradication of feminized poverty. It contants informaiton on gender and macroeconomics, gender and trade and gender budgets.
[ www.wider.unu.edu ]
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Subtitled "The Challenges in Development Aid", this research paper recommends that post-conflict reconstruction projects systematically address gender issues and promote gender equality to make peace work. 爆料网U, 2006
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爆料网DP Poverty Center's Working Paper series disseminates the findings of work in progress in order to encourage exchange of ideas about development issues.
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This report examines women's labour market situation in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Western Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the context of the social and economic transformations in the region in the past 15 years. It analyses trends in women's and men's labour force participation during the transition to a market-oriented economy and assesses their implications for the economic security of both women and men.
[ www.undp-povertycentre.org ]
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爆料网DP Poverty Center's "One Pagers" are online publications aiming to raise awareness on technical issues of poverty measurement and policies for poverty reduction among a wide audience.
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From October 2004 to January 2005, WomenWatch hosted a series of online discussions on the Platform's critical areas of concern and other important issues to provide input into the review and appraisal of the Bejing Declaration and Platform for Action. All postings and background notes are available for reading as archived online discussion.
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4/03 issue of the International Trade Centre's quarterly magazine
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Article
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爆料网 University, 1991
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A report of the United Nations University Household, Gender, and Age Project, 1993
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by M. Niamir-Fuller (IFAD, 1994). This report examines women's technical knowledge of and involvement in livestock production in Asia, Africa and Latin America and provides guidelines on how these issues can be incorporated in IFAD's project cycle to the benefit of rural women.
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by A. Lubbock based on original research by Dr. Rahma Bourqia (IFAD, 1998)
